קהילות
לחיים היהודיים פנים רבות. שום נוהג קהילתי אינו אוניברסלי מאליו.
- AshkenazimJews of Central and Eastern European origin; their tradition also shaped Jewish life in the Czech lands.אַשְׁכְּנַזִּים
- Beta IsraelThe Ethiopian Jewish community, with its own religious tradition; among other festivals it celebrates Sigd.בֵּיתָא יִשְׂרָאֵל
- Bohemia and MoraviaJews have lived in Bohemia and Moravia since at least the 10th century; Prague was among the largest Jewish centres in Europe.
- DiasporaJewish communities outside Israel; they traditionally observe a second festival day on the pilgrimage festivals.גָּלוּת
- Italian Jews (Italkim)An ancient community with its own (Italian) rite, distinct from both the Ashkenazi and the Sephardi.אִיטַלְקִים
- IsraelIn Israel some festivals are observed for fewer days than in the diaspora (e.g. Passover for 7 days instead of 8).יִשְׂרָאֵל
- Yemenite Jews (Teimanim)One of the oldest diaspora communities, with its own liturgy and pronunciation of Hebrew.תֵּימָנִים
- MizrahimAn umbrella term for the communities of the Middle East and North Africa – for example Iraqi, Iranian, Syrian, Yemenite or Kurdish Jews.מִזְרָחִים
- Romaniote JewsGreek-speaking Jews with Byzantine roots, one of the oldest communities in Europe.
- SephardimDescendants of the Jews of the Iberian Peninsula, expelled in the 15th century; they settled around the Mediterranean, in the Ottoman Empire, North Africa and Western Europe.סְפָרַדִּים
